ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY - Research Paper Example Borugian et al. (2005) did not directly really address equity issues in Canada’s rural health care. However, one way of interpreting the Borugian et al. (2005) article is that when we are able to correlate select socioeconomic variables with the rural sector of Canada, cases of childhood leukemia may negatively correlate with Canada’s rural socioeconomic characteristics. One key result that Borugian et al. (2005) supposedly found is that a slightly lower relative risk of childhood leukemia was observed in the poorest quintile compared with the richest quintile. Thus, when we succeed in showing that Canada’s rural population is associated with the poorest quintile, it may be possible to show that Canada’s rural population is also associated with lower childhood leukemia. Borugian et al. (2005) recognize that other studies have results that are inconsistent with their own findings but Borugian et al. (2005) interpreted the inconsistent findings to be due to case ascertainment or study participation. It is worth noting that Borugian et al. (2005) also revealed that the provincial registries cover at least 95% of all Canadian cancer cases. Thus, the Borugian et al. (2005) finding appears inconsistent with the data on cancer prevalence. Nevertheless, following the Borugian et al. ... James, P., Wilkins, R., Detsky, A., Tugwell, P., and Manuel, D. (2007). Avoidable mortality by neighbourhood income in Canada: 25 years after the establishment of universal health insurance. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61, 287-296. Employing quantitative techniques, the James et al. (2007) study highlights the role of universal insurance for doctors and hospital services in Canada. According to James et al. (2007), the results after 25 years of universal health insurance indicate that health differences between the riches and poorest quintiles based on age-standardized expected years of life lost decreased by 60% in men and by 78% in women. The James et al. (2007) study has a list of illnesses or conditions in which deaths may be avoidable. One set of illnesses or conditions are those in which deaths can be avoided through medical care and another set consist of illnesses and conditions in which deaths can be avoided through public health programs. It follows from t he James et al. (2007) that mortality from illnesses and conditions are functions of public policy. Public policy can institute reforms in health insurance access and in improving medical care and public health. Thus, one extension of the study results of James et al. (2007) is that health inequities produced by the urban-rural divide can also be moderated by public policy. Meanwhile, among the illnesses or conditions in which there has been only marginal decreases in mortality disparities across incomes include lung cancer, HIV, and cerebro-vascular diseases. James et al. (2007) noted that another important contributory factor to the reduction of health disparities is the increase in government funding for public

Easter Egg Packaging Research Essay Example for Free

Easter Egg Packaging Research Essay Please select only 1 response for each question by placing an X in the response you feel most comfortable with unless you are told to select more than 1 response. (1) What is your gender? Male Female (2) What age range do you fit in? Age range is measured in years. 0-16 17-21 22-30 31-40 41-50 51-59 60-64 65+ (3) What is your ethnicity? Please choose the ethnic minority group you feel you best fit in and the ethnic minority groups are measured in the Self Defined Ethnicity (SDE) codes. A1 Indian A2 Pakistani A3 Bangladeshi A9 Any other Asian background B1 Caribbean B2 African B9 Any other Black background O1 Chinese O9 Any other ethnic group M1 White and Black Caribbean M2 White and Black African M3 White and Asian M9 Any other mixed background W1 British W2 Irish W9 Any other white background (4) Do you like Easter Eggs? Yes No (5) Do you shop for Easter Eggs? Yes No (6) What is your current occupation? (7) What is your current annual salary? Please state your current annual salary by using the British currency of pounds (i ). (8) How much are you most like to spend on your Easter Eggs? Please use the British currency of pounds (i ) for the spending of Easter eggs. i 0. 01 i 2. 99 i 3. 00 i 4. 99 i 5. 00 i 6. 99 i 7. 00 + (9) Where are you most likely to shop for your Easter Eggs? If necessary, please select more than one option. Tesco Asda Sainsburys Morrisons Netto Iceland Lidl Aldi Somerfield MS John Lewis Waitrose Thorntons WH Smith Other (Please specify below) (10) What Easter egg Company are you most likely to buy? If necessary, please select more than one option. Cadburys Nestle Kraft Masterfoods Lindt Other (Please Specify Below) (11) For your Easter egg, which chocolate do you most prefer? If necessary, please select more than one option. White Chocolate Dark Chocolate Milk Chocolate Other (Please Specify Below) (12) What do you like with your egg in the Easter egg box? If necessary, please select more than one option. Novelties Chocolate Bars Toys Sweets Other (Please Specify Below) (13) For your Easter Egg Box, which theme do you prefer? If necessary, please select more than one option. TV Film Comedy Cartoon Anime Sports Gaming Action Adventure Music Modern Classical Retro Jesus Old Other (Please Specify Below) What do you look for when buying an Easter Egg Box? If necessary, please select more than one option. Blue Pink Red Metallic Primary Colours Other (Please Specify Below) Small Medium Large What shape do you prefer for your Easter egg box? If necessary, please select more than one option. Cube Cuboid Spherical Pyramid Hemi-Spherical Cylinder Cone Other (Please Specify Below)

Creativity and Bipolar Disorder Essay -- Bipolar Creative Creativity E

Creativity and Bipolar Disorder History has always held a place for the "mad genius", the kind who, in a bout of euphoric fervor, rattles off revolutionary ideas, incomprehensible to the general population, yet invaluable to the population's evolution into a better adapted species over time. Is this link between creativity and mental illness one of coincidence, or are the two actually related? If related, does heightened creative behavior alter the brain's neurochemistry such that one becomes more prone to a mental illness like bipolar disorder? Does bipolar disorder cause alterations in neurochemistry in the brain that increase creative behavior through elevated capacity for thought and expression? Is this link the result of some third factor which causes both of the two effects? Centuries of literature and innumerable studies have supported strong cases relating creativity--particularly in the arts, music and literature--to bipolar disorder. Both creativity and bipolar disorder can be attributed to a genetic predisposition and environmental influences. Biographical studies, diagnostic and psychological studies and family studies provide different aspects for examining this relationship. A 1949 study of 113 German artists, writers, architects, and composers was one of the first to undertake an extensive, in-depth investigation of both artists and their relatives. Although two-thirds of the 113 artists and writers were "psychically normal," there were more suicides and "insane and neurotic" individuals in the artistic group than could be expected in the general population, with the highest rates of psychiatric abnormality found in poets (50%) and musicians (38%). (1) Many other similar tests revealed th... ...ay Redfield. Touched with Fire. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. 2) Journal of Memetics, an article addressing creativity, evolution and mental illness. http://jomemit.cfpm.org/1997/vol1/preti_a&miotto_p.html 3)Bipolar Disorder, an educational resource about bipolar disorder. http://216.239.57.100/search?q=cache:Hac5G2R_ezsC:faculty.washington.edu/chudler/bipolar.html+serotonin+bipolar+disorder&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 4) Manic-Depressive & Depressive Association of Boston, an article discussing the genetics of bipolar disorder. http://www.mddaboston.org/lect020900.html 5) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, an online version of the resource book. http://www.psychologynet.org/bipolar1.html 6) From Neurons to Neighborhoods, a book that addresses early development of the brain. http://books.nap.edu/books/0309069882/html/187.html#pagetop

The controversy and the future of Common Agricultural Policy of European Union

Agriculture is a problematic area in every developed country. Free market economy that allows direct competition of agricultural products can often cause a surplus or shortage of certain products, and quality changes. In order to ensure reliable supply of food member states of the European Union decided to cooperate and transferred the authority over agriculture policy to European level. Common Agricultural Policy was set in 1961 and its aims were to improve production and solve existing problems in agriculture all over EU member states. The previous successes of cooperation with coal and steel, and the fact that most states had difficulties to produce certain goods logically led to deeper cooperation in agriculture, and to CAP. Today, â€Å"CAP is regarded as the most developed of the European Union's policies and covers almost 90% of all agricultural products† (reader). But, also it is regarded as the most controversial and has been responsible for some negative consequences on the industry, and it had to go under many reforms. This essay will explain why CAP has been both celebrated and criticized. Also, it will include the challenges that will be put in front of it by the future enlargement of European Union. At the time CAP was made, national agricultures had all common problems. Although the different level of development, and different level on dependence on this industry between member states of EC, there were some immense troubles to be solved by Cap: deficits of certain goods, inefficient production practices, poorness of people employed in agriculture, rapidly dynamic prices, substantial variations in quality of products etc. The goals of policy defined in Maastricht Treaty, article 39: â€Å"(a) to increase agricultural productivity by promoting technical progress and by ensuring the rational development of agricultural production and the optimum utilization of the factors of production, in particular labor; (b) thus to ensure a fair standard of living for the agricultural community, in particular by increasing the individual earnings of persons engaged in agriculture; (c) to stabilize markets; (d) to assure the availability of supplies; (e) to ensure that supplies reach the consumers at reasonable prices.† (TEU) Since its foundation CAP has improved the agriculture of Europe in a great sense, but critics would say that costs of the successes are considerably high for all. Some of the goals were fulfilled with little negative consequences, while others were solved with controversial methods that became a huge burden for the budget and had many counter-effects. The changes in Europe's agricultural structure and productivity since 1961 caused by CAP were enormous. Thanks to the investment in technology, there was a growth in productivity of farms, decrease in people employed in agriculture, rapid urbanization and therefore prosperity in other sectors of economy. Statistics show that â€Å"the workforce employed in agriculture declined from 11.3% in 1973 to 9.4% in 1980 and only 5.7% in the whole of the EU in 1992.† (Hitiris, 190) Productivity growth was rapid, and we can say that the aim of CAP to restructure the farming to make it more efficient is being fulfilled. The growth of the efficiency of the labor can be noticed on the fact that: † In 1960 over 15 million people in the original six had worked on the land. In the mid-1970s the agricultural population of the enlarged EC was only 14 million, falling to 10 million by the mid-1980s† (Urwin, 187) Second goal of CAP is a social mission: to help the quality of life of the people in agriculture. This went little against the economic productivity and caused many negative consequences on it, especially by huge costs. The interventions that were made were not only subsidizing the farmers, that is a huge burden for EU budget but artificial manipulations with prices and setting of standards. These two were criticized by many liberal economists as standardization brought prices up, and artificial price setting caused surpluses and deficits.

A Long Walk to Freedom Essay

†¢This extract is an autobiography by Nelson Mandela talking about the transition from a small undemanding child to a contributing factor in society. The writer engages our sympathy by effective use of vocabulary, various linguistic techniques and through his nostalgic tone. In the title, ‘Long Walk to Freedom,’ the long, drawn out vowels like ‘ee’ and ‘o’ reflects the struggles and difficulties in this exhausting walk. Even the word ‘walk’ co notates to the, strive for the attainment of freedom and rights of all individuals. There is a gradual flow of ideas in this extract which has a great impact as it bringing out the growth and understanding through the passage of time. In the beginning, a somber serious mood is created as they farewell their ‘last links to childhood’ and step into a wider mature world of adulthood. The ‘speeches, songs and gift-giving’ portray the African culture; the ‘sons of Xhosa’ have just been ‘circumcised’ again reflecting African customs. Due to this, the writer gains a ‘heady feeling’ of confidence and his body gestures – ‘straighter, taller, firmer’ effectively illustrate his inner feeling of pride and satisfaction. Suddenly the ‘gaily colored dreams’ darken, as the young adults now have to face the harsh reality. There is a sense of clouding of the future as the Chief would give a speech, ‘continuing a tradition. ’ The words act like a source of inspiration and encouragement, enlightening the youngsters to the disgruntled society. It is in their hands that the future lye’s, and imperative that they are exposed to the reality around them. Calling their ‘sons’ ‘young healthy and handsome,’ Meligqili begins his speech in an assertive tone. In addition to this, he also calls them ‘flower of the Xhosa’ sketching a metaphorical image of budding life and the true potential and ‘pride of [the] nation. ’ He shakens the juvenile adults with harsh words naming the ritual an ‘empty, illusory promise. ’ There is a dejected, deep sense of negation as they have ‘no strength, no power, no control’ over their ‘own destiny. ’ Furthermore, their bleak future is ragged off their rightful position as they are nothing more than ‘slaves in [their] own country,’ and ‘tenants in [their] own soil. The bitter irony behind these juxtaposed words hits us hard, as they are left with no value or significance in the very own homeland – their possession which has been snatched away from them by the whites. The pungent issue of racism is raised as ‘all South Africans, are a conquered people. ’ Moreover, in the land of their ‘birth,’ they suffer the discomfort of ‘shacks’ and ‘cheap alcohol’ since they are deprived of their own land to ‘prosper and multiply. ’ These lines repeatedly highlight the struggles, injustice and discrimination the unfortunate people endure everyday in their native soil, but yet not theirs. In addition to this, it is them who ‘cough their lungs out deep in the bowels of the white man’s mines. ’ This is the most impactful metaphor and alliteration as it allows us to visualize the inhuman, merciless conditions the people are made to work in, detrimental to their health and all for the robbed treasures of the whites. They have lost every bit of authority or belongingness of their own possessions and rather their energy, labor and efforts are wasted in filling the greed of the white men. †¢Piling up such dreadful, pathetic images, our sympathy and compassion is drawn.  We can understand the brutalizing agony internally and externally torturing these innocent people regularly due to ‘unequalled prosperity. ’ Their ‘abilities, intelligence,’ are all ‘squandered. ’ The writer uses superlatives like ‘simplest, mindless chores,’ which show their powerless nature and ‘attempt to eke out a living’ for the white men. Furthermore, the words of the chief are at the peak of disappointment where he wants a chance to ‘shake [Qamata] awake’ and tell him that ‘the flower of Xhosa nation are dying. Their state is so helpless that is seems even their God is ‘dozing’ and he repeats the ‘flower of Xhosa,’ to underline the youth – the future, beauty, innocence and strength of their fading nation. †¢All these horrific visions illustrated and the bitter, harsh words of truth leave an undying, unbelievable and undeniable impact on the reader. The words pierce through our ears, almost allowing us to feel the pain. It arouses a number of questions in our minds especially due to the irony, and great sympathy for the Africans. Yet, the young adults are only ‘more and more quiet’ and ‘more and more angry. By these repeated comparatives, the writer contrasts their present feeling of resentment to their mood of celebration earlier. All the words are slowly seeping in but it only made them rather ‘cross’ as they thought the chief was being selfish and ‘ignorant,’ in his ‘abusive comments,’ since he was not noticing the positive side – the whites brought them ‘value of the education’ and the moral cultures and etiquettes taught by them. Their tender age has almost blinded them to the ‘oppressorâ€⠄¢ behind what they think is the ‘benefactor. In all, the only thing the chief ended up doing was ‘spoiling the proud feelings with wrong headed remarks,’ for the teenagers. †¢Gradually, the pace slows and there is growth of mental maturity and realization as the true meaning of the chief’s words began to seep in Mandela’s mind. The real essence of the words had ‘sown a seed’ to the development of a potential future, although it had been ‘dormant for a long season. ’ Now, the tables turn as Mandela realizes it’s him who was the actual ‘ignorant man,’ not the chief. Adding on to the different metaphorical images; is when Mandela watches ‘the river’ ‘meander on its way. These phrases reflect back to the title and theme of a ‘long walk’ which is a route with its curves and junctions. Finally, the river ‘[empties] into the Indian Ocean,’ symbolizing his outpour of emotional success as after ‘many miles distant,’ he sees a vision of success – liberty and happiness. Although, this young adult had not yet ‘crossed that riverâ⠂¬â„¢ and his future seems very bleak, but he is now ready to face the challenges of life and combat the rocks that hinder his route, with a lot of power, struggle and hard work. His foresight is still limited as he knows ‘little or nothing of the world beyond,’ that ‘beckoned’ him. Under these words, the writer expresses how none of them had yet tasted the ‘gift’ of freedom and independence but right now, for all he knew, darkness was descending – it was ‘sunset’ already and time for him to prepare. Furthermore, we get a little more idea of the African tradition as ‘it was forbidden to look back while the lodges were burning,’ probably because we can never go back to the past and remembering it will only sadden us more and build hesitance to step into a new world. This feeling is even understood as Mandela is unable to ‘resist’ and looks back at ‘two pyramids of ashes by a large mimosa tree. ’ These ashes metaphorically symbolize the loss and fading away of a ‘delightful world’ of childhood and the ‘sweet’ ‘irresponsible days. ’ There is complete dilemma as, when he looks back, there are only faded ashes and ahead; darkness enveloping him. Also the ‘mimosa tree’ in a way symbolizes the survival of the fittest, as it is a sturdy, giant tree that continuously bears the pain of memories burning by it. †¢After a pause, there is a new picture illustrated – ‘now [he] was a man. There is a deep sense of negation and remorse as ‘never again’ would he get back those youthful, playful, mischievous days. After ‘many years’ he has finally become a man but now it’s like a re-birth to attain independence. †¢All in all, the extract ‘country childhood’ brings out the first steps of Mandela through inspirational words and encouragement; to the celebrated statesman he is now. He is a potent symbol of resistance striving out his life to attain his goal of victorious freedom and in this autobiography, he embodies the spirit of dignity and triumph of hope over despair and hatred.